The Chronology of Revelation

Pre-Wrath Rapture

Jesus Himself stated that He would appear “on the clouds of the sky, with power and great glory” and that “all the nations of the earth will mourn” when they see Him (Matthew 24:30).  Furthermore, He stated that He “will send his angels with a loud trumpet call, and they will gather his elect from the four winds, from one end of the heavens to the other” (24:31).

The aforementioned events, which imminently will precede the first and primary Rapture, will not  occur at the very beginning, nor at the very end, of the 70th Week (commonly referred to as the “tribulation” period).  Rather, they will take place during the cosmic and global upheavals that will transpire subsequent to the opening of the Sixth Seal of the heavenly scroll, as described by Jesus (Matthew 24:29) and by John (Revelation 6:12-14).

I believe the events immediately following the opening of the Sixth Seal will take place about a year prior to the end of the 70th Week (Isaiah 34:8, 61:2, 63:4—see The Seventh Year) and will be followed, chronologically, by the opening of the Seventh Seal: the Day of the Lord.  The extraordinary phenomena described by Jesus in Matthew 24:30,31 parallel Paul’s clear descriptions of the Rapture event in 1 Corinthians 15:52 and in 1 Thessalonians 4:16,17.  (See The Rapture for a detailed analysis.)

Due to the intense “cosmic disturbances” of the Sixth Seal period, vast numbers of people on the earth, recoiling in sheer terror, will be hiding in caves and under rocks (Revelation 6:15).  They will see, and want to hide from, “the face of him who sits on the throne” (6:16).  They will mourn because they will have been left behind  to face the looming wrath of God.  (This is not  the same as the mourning done by those in Jerusalem for their Messiah, Jesus, when He returns to earth at the end  of the 70th Week—Zechariah 12:10b).

In light of Jesus’ description of His future appearance in the clouds—resembling lightning flashing from the east to the west (Matthew 24:27)—I believe that the people in all  the nations of the world will see Jesus as He materializes, suddenly, in earth’s atmosphere, during the turbulence the Sixth Seal events (Revelation 6:16).  By no means will the Rapture be a “silent and invisible” event, as advocated by those of the “Pre-Tribulation” Rapture persuasion, where the people left behind will wonder what happened to the people who suddenly have disappeared from sight.  When Jesus indicated that the day and hour of His coming (in the clouds) will be unknown to anyone other than the Father (Matthew 24:36), He was not  implying that this was an ever-imminent event that could occur at anytime, with no forewarning whatsoever (see day and hour unknown), nor was He indicating that there would not  be clear manifestations of His atmospheric arrival when it happened.

Jesus will appear in the clouds above the earth

1. to have believers, previously both dead and alive, gathered to be with Him at the Rapture, as well as
2. to cause unbelievers to be aware that the wrath and vengeance of God is about to be discharged upon the earth during the initial portion of the Day of the Lord period—which will commence soon after the opening of the Seventh Seal.

Soon after the Pre-Wrath Rapture takes place, four angels will be standing by (Revelation 7:1), ready to blow out the first four devastating Trumpet Judgments upon the land, sea, and trees of the earth (7:3, 8:6-12).  The four angels will be told not to harm the land, sea, or trees until a seal is placed on the foreheads of 144,000 members from the twelve tribes of Israel (7:3-8).

Some believe that this group of 144,000 is symbolic, rather than literal, and that its members are representative of the Church or of some other segment of Gentile believers (such as a specially “anointed” class of Jehovah’s Witnesses, for example).  I disagree completely.  As emphasized early in this commentary, I feel it is important to distinguish between symbolic and literal  passages in Revelation; and I never have seen any convincing explanation why these are not, literally, 144,000 members from the tribes of Israel, as the passage indicates.

Thus, during the 70th Week, there will be 144,000 Jews who will revere God and will keep His lawful commands in the Torah, yet not (initially) acknowledge that Jesus is the Messiah.  Once the global Rapture event has taken place (soon after the opening of the Sixth Seal), these Jews from twelve tribes, who will have seen “the face of him who sits on the throne” (Revelation 6:16), will understand that Jesus is the true Messiah (Christ).  They will receive the seal of God on their foreheads (7:3,4) to be servants of the Almighty.  Evidently, they will glorify and be representatives of His until, as a group, they are caught up collectively to heaven at some point near the end of the 70th Week (14:1-3—see 144,000 caught up).

After this, John saw in heaven,

a great multitude that no one could count, from every nation, tribe, people and language, standing before the throne and in front of the Lamb.  They were wearing white robes and were holding palm branches in their hands (Revelation 7:9).

Those in this great multitude will be saved believers in Jesus Christ, previously both dead and alive, Gentile and Jewish, who will have been removed from the earth, via the Pre-Wrath Rapture, during the events of the Sixth Seal.  John added,

Never again will they hunger; never again will they thirst.  The sun will not beat upon them, nor any scorching heat.  For the Lamb at the center of the throne will be their shepherd; he will lead them to springs of living water.  And God will wipe away every tear from their eyes (Revelation 7:16,17).

Commonly, but I believe erroneously, the entire 70th Week is referred to as the “Day of the Lord” (as well as the seven-year “tribulation”), especially by those who embrace the “Pre-Tribulation” Rapture viewpoint.  On the contrary, I believe that the Day of the Lord period—at the beginning of which God’s righteous, vengeful wrath will be unleashed upon the earth—will not begin until well after the midpoint of the 70th Week.  The (primary) Rapture event will occur at some point after the opening of the Sixth Seal.  Then, chronologically, the Seventh Seal will be opened, beginning the Day of the Lord epoch—during which the initial period, the “day of vengeance,” will be dreadful and terrifying.

In The Rapture commentary, I demonstrate that the following events will occur, in chronological order:

1. the confirmation of a covenant, involving Israel, for one seven-year period (which could  be the period 2007 through 2013, as stipulated by the European Neighbourhood Policy), thus beginning the 70th Week (Daniel 9:27a);
2. the cessation of sacrifices and offerings at the midpoint of the 70th Week, then the abomination that causes desolation inside the newly-built Third Temple (or “holy place” as described by Jesus), which will be standing in Jerusalem at that time (Daniel 9:27bc; Matthew 24:15);
3. the beginning of the Great Tribulation period (Matthew 24:9,10,21), which will commence with the opening of the Fifth Seal (Revelation 6:9-11);
4. the cosmic tumult, where the sun and moon will turn dark and the earth and heavenlies will be shaken, which will begin with the opening of the Sixth Seal (Matthew 24:29; Revelation 6:12,13);
5. the Pre-Wrath Rapture event (Matthew 24:30,31; 1 Thessalonians 4:16,17; Revelation 6:16); and then
6. the Day of the Lord (Isaiah 13:9-13, 34:8; Ezekiel 30:1-3; Joel 2:1,2,10,11, 2:30,31; Amos 5:18,20; Zephaniah 1:14,15,18; Acts 2:19-21; Revelation 6:17, 8:1–10:7, 11:6-19, 14:1–18:24), which will be initiated by the opening of the Seventh Seal.  It will not  be merely one day but, rather, a period of time.  The initial stage of the Day of the Lord—the “day of vengeance”—probably will last approximately a year (Isaiah 34:8, 61:2, 63:4)—the seventh year of the 70th Week.  During this time, the devastating wrath of God will be poured out upon the earth, initially as the Trumpet Judgments (Revelation 8:6-13, 9:1-21).  The time of wrath will be followed by the greater portion of the Day of the Lord: the Millennium, a glorious era (Isaiah 11:10; Acts 2:19-21), a utopia, continuing for another thousand years (2 Peter 3:8).

Zephaniah said, “Be silent before the Sovereign Lord, for the day of the Lord is near” (Zephaniah 1:7a).  Other Old Testament prophets also may have predicted this unearthly silence (Isaiah 41:1a; Amos 8:3b).  After this silence, from John’s futuristic point of view, “there came peals of thunder, rumblings, flashes of lightning and an earthquake” (Revelation 8:5b), signaling that the real  disturbances were about to ensue.

The seven angels who will “blow out” the seven Trumpet Judgments evidently are the same seven angels which represented the seven churches (Revelation 1:20), about which John wrote in Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 of Revelation.  John also saw four of these angels, prior to the sealing of the 144,000 (7:1).  These four angels will be responsible for sending judgments which directly and adversely will affect the land, trees, sea, rivers, and atmosphere of the earth (8:6-12).  Apparently, the two witnesses will be responsible for bringing down some of the judgments (11:3-6).

Unlike what occurred during the first six seals, where no supernatural intrusion was evident, the Trumpet Judgments clearly will  involve supernatural (angelic) intervention, as directed by God (Revelation 8:2).  This is yet another indication that, whereas the Trumpet Judgments (and, later, the Bowl Judgments) will  be God’s wrath patently being dispensed upon the earth, the events encompassed by the first six seals will not  be instances of punishment, via God’s wrath.

John wrote of seeing an eagle, flying in midair, which called out,

Woe!  Woe!  Woe to the inhabitants of the earth, because of the trumpet blasts about to be sounded by the other three angels! (Revelation 8:13).

1. The First Woe will occur after the blowing of the Fifth Trumpet (Revelation 9:1a, 9:12a).
2. The Second Woe will occur after the blowing of the Sixth Trumpet (9:12b,13, 11:14a).
3. The Third Woe will occur after the blowing of the Seventh Trumpet (11:14b,15).

Once the First Woe (Fifth Trumpet Judgment) has taken place, the Second Woe (Sixth Trumpet Judgment) will be imminent (Revelation 9:12).  The Sixth Trumpet Judgment will involve the release of four angels, who will be in charge of killing a third of mankind, via two hundred million mounted troops (9:15,16).  I believe that these mounted troops will be supernatural in nature; there is nothing to suggest that they will be a natural human army, especially considering their grotesque appearance (9:17-19).  There is no good reason not to believe that this is a literal  description.

Up to this point in John’s heavenly vision (Chapters 4–9), the accounts of these future events have been sequential, as written.  It is clear that, chronologically, the Third Woe (Revelation 11:14) will take place after the Second Woe.  However, in John’s written transcript, there is a definite change in venue in the interesting passage between the end of the Sixth Trumpet events and the beginning of the Seventh Trumpet events.  Following the plagues of the Sixth Trumpet Judgment, there is a chronological continuance through Revelation 10:1-11. However, Revelation 11:1-13 must be taken out of the ongoing chronological sequence, as is described in the next section.

John saw a mighty angel (Revelation 10:1—see a mighty angel).  I believe this is Jesus in angelic form, since He is holding a little scroll (10:2a); and it previously was seen that only Jesus, the Lion of the Tribe of Judah, was worthy to take and open the scroll (Revelation 5:4,5).  The scroll appears “little” because all seven seals will have been opened, and all but a tiny portion of the scroll unrolled, by that time.

Up to this point, while opening the first six seals of the scroll, Jesus’ demeanor had been as a Lamb (Revelation 5:6,7)—more passive than assertive.  Now, however, Jesus’ disposition is seen to be more like a Lion (10:3a), seeming to indicate that He will be taking a more active roll in what is yet to transpire.

The mighty angel (Jesus) is observed to announce that

in the days when the seventh angel is about to sound his trumpet, the mystery of God will be accomplished, just as he announced to his servants the prophets (Revelation 10:7).

This mystery is that, through the Gospel, the Gentiles are heirs together with Israel, members together of one body, and sharers together in the promise in Christ Jesus (Ephesians 3:6).

The seventh angel sounded his trumpet, and there were loud voices in heaven, which said:  “The kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord and of his Christ, and he will reign for ever and ever” (Revelation 11:15).

John reported that the scroll tasted sweet in his mouth but turned sour in his stomach.  Perhaps this is because Jesus’ Second Advent to earth, at the end of the 70th Week, will be a “sweet” event; but there will remain the “sour” effects of the Bowl Judgments (possibly the tiny portion of the scroll remaining) yet to transpire after His return.

Nonetheless, as the Seventh Trumpet is about to be blown (Revelation 10:7), John is told to “prophesy again about many peoples, nations, languages, and kings” (10:11, 11:9).  That is, John would prophesy again, from another perspective, concerning a period of time—specifically, the second half of the 70th Week—about which he already had prophesied.  Thus, there is a break in the chronological narrative between 10:7 and 11:13.

In ancient times, prior to a traditional Jewish wedding, two witnesses (or groomsmen) would slip over to the bride’s house to announce the groom’s arrival (see bridegroom and bride).  Likewise, there will be two witnesses who will precede Jesus’ coming at the Rapture for His Bride, the Church (see Bridegroom and Bride).  John wrote about these two witnesses (Revelation 11:3-12), who will prophesy for 1,260 days (that is, for 3½ years).

These witnesses may be (literally) Elijah and either Moses or Enoch.  I lean toward Elijah and Moses, since they were the ones who appeared to Peter, James, and John at Jesus’ transfiguration (Matthew 17:1-3).  This event may have been a foreshadowing of Jesus’ glorious reappearance at the end of the age.

Those who firmly embrace the “Pre-Tribulation” timing of the Rapture event (that is, a Rapture taking place prior to the 70th Week), and who also believe that the two witnesses will appear prior to the appearance of Jesus at the Rapture, are compelled to deduce that the 1,260 days (or 3½ years) of Revelation 11:3 are the first  half, rather than the second  half, of the 70th Week.  In their view, the two witnesses will appear, then the Rapture will occur, then the 70th Week will begin, with the two witnesses prophesying and bringing plagues upon the earth (11:6) during the first half of the 70th Week.

The assumption (albeit, incorrect) that these plagues will take place during the first 3½ years is taken as “evidence” that God’s wrath will occur during the entire 70th Week of “tribulation” and, therefore, that the “Pre-Tribulation” Rapture must happen before the 70th Week begins.  In The Rapture commentary, however, I demonstrate that the Rapture event will not take place until well into the 70th Week—at some point after the Sixth Seal has been opened—and as late as one year prior to the end of the seven-year period (see The Seventh Year).

It very well may be some time, following the onset of the 70th Week, before the Third Temple will be constucted, particularly with anticipated opposition from Islamic groups.  However, one thing for certain is that the temple (referred to, by Jesus, as the “holy place”—Matthew 24:15) will be in place by the middle of the 70th Week, when the Antichrist will stop ritual sacrifices and offerings inside of the temple (Daniel 9:27b).  In all likelihood, then, the temple—as seen by John (Revelation 11:1)—will not  be standing at or near the very start of the 70th Week.  But it will be trampled by the Gentiles for 42 months—the last half of the 70th Week.

James wrote that Elijah caused it not to rain on the land for three and a half years (James 5:17).  Evidently, this will happen again.  While the two witnesses are prophesying on the earth,

If anyone tries to harm them, fire comes from their mouths and devours their enemies.  This is how anyone who wants to harm them must die.  These men have power to shut up the sky so that it will not rain during the time they are prophesying; and they have power to turn the waters into blood and to strike the earth with every kind of plague as often as they want (Revelation 11:5,6).

It seems evident, then, that the two witnesses will appear and begin prophesying at the midpoint  of the 70th Week, when the Fifth Seal is opened and Great Tribulation ensues.  One of the things about which they will be prophesying to people is the impending Second Coming of Jesus in the clouds and deliverance via the Rapture.  Proclaiming this vital message will be an attempt to convince people to embrace Jesus as the true Christ and Savior of the world, so that they can avoid the approaching Day of the Lord’s wrath (Revelation 6:17), which will commence with the First Trumpet Judgment (8:6,7).

Once the Day of the Lord period has begun, the two witnesses evidently will be the agents used to call down some or all of the Trumpet Judgments upon the earth, as demonstrated by the fact that, after they are killed,

The inhabitants of the earth will gloat over them and will celebrate by sending each other gifts, because these two prophets had tormented those who live on the earth (Revelation 11:10).

In the section a mighty angel, it was seen that when the Seventh Trumpet is about to sound, “the mystery of God will be accomplished” (Revelation 10:7).  The Seventh Trumpet will sound at the end  of the 70th Week, signaling that Jesus, the Messiah of both the Jews and the Gentiles, has returned  physically to earth to reign (11:15-17).

Those who adhere to a “Post-Trib” view of the Rapture event believe, due to Paul’s use of the term “last trumpet” (1 Corinthians 15:52) and “trumpet call” (1 Thessalonians 4:16), that the (primary) Rapture must occur at the Seventh Trumpet, concurrent with Jesus’ Second Advent to earth.  I disagree with this premise (see disputes with Post-TR).  Although I actually do believe that a “catching up” of believers actually will  occur at the end of the 70th Week (Revelation 14:14-16), I do not believe that this is the primary Rapture event.  The latter will have occurred subsequent to the opening of the Sixth Seal but preceding the opening of the Seventh Seal (see Pre-Wrath Rapture).

Incidentally, it should be noted that, in Jewish tradition, the shofar blown on Rosh haShanah is called the “Last Trumpet.”  However, the shofar blown at Yom Kippur is referred to as the “Great Trumpet,” even though Yom Kippur follows Rosh haShanah.  In this sense, then, the Great Trumpet actually is the “final” or “last” trumpet.

In the section three Woes, it was shown that the “Third Woe” (Revelation 11:14) will take place at some point after the Seventh Trumpet is blown.  Although there will be “flashes of lightning, rumblings, peals of thunder, an earthquake and a great hailstorm” (11:19) at this time, these will be only relatively minor manifestations of the Third Woe.

Predominantly, the Third Woe will be the series of seven Plagues or Bowl Judgments (Revelation 15:1,7,8, 16:1-21), which will be poured out after Jesus returns to earth physically at the end of the 70th Week and soon after the blowing of the Seventh Trumpet.  Therefore, the seven Trumpet Judgments will be encompassed within the Seventh Seal, and the seven Plagues or Bowl Judgments will be incorporated within the Seventh Trumpet Judgment.

As has been described, Revelation 11:1-19 is a review of the second half (42 months or 1,260 days) of the 70th Week.  Likewise, Revelation 12:6–14:20 is yet another chronological and sequential restatement  of the second half (1,260 days) of the 70th Week.

In most of Chapters 12-14, John makes another restatement  of the second half of the 70th Week (just as he did in Chapter 11).  Initially, however, two “signs” are seen—a “woman” and an “enormous red dragon”—indicating that they are not literal but, rather, are symbolic of other things, which were present in the world long ago.

A “woman clothed with the sun, with the moon under her feet and a crown of twelve stars on her head” is seen (Revelation 12:1).  To help identify her, first consider Adam and Eve.  Eve came out of Adam and became his wife.  Likewise, the written and spoken Law came out of God, with the religious system of Judaism becoming the initial manifestation of that Law.

The initial embodiment of Judaism was the first family of Israel: Jacob (the “sun”), Rachel (the “moon”), and Jacob’s twelve sons (the “twelve stars”)—Genesis 37:9,10.  The son of the woman—and the Son of God—who came into the world was Jesus Christ (1 John 4:14,15).  Satan (the red dragon) attempted to destroy the woman’s son (Jesus), via crucifixion; but Jesus—the one “who will rule all the nations with an iron scepter”—was resurrected and taken up to God’s throne in heaven (Revelation 12:4b,5).

In a sense, this “woman” is the earthly city of Jerusalem, since the Israelites were the embodiment of the woman, and their primary dwelling place was Jerusalem.  Jerusalem was considered to be the “wife” or “bride” of God (Jeremiah 2:2); however, she was an “adulterous wife” (Ezekiel 16:32).  Therefore, the New Jerusalem, the capital city of heaven, will become the perfect “Bride” of the Lamb of God when it comes out of  heaven (just as Eve came out of Adam)—after a new heavens and a new earth have been created (Revelation 21:1,2,9,10) by God (see old and new Creations).  Within the New Jerusalem will dwell “those whose names are written in the Lamb’s book of life” (21:27).

Incidentally, I do not believe that this “woman” is symbolic of Christianity or the Church, a view which is embraced by some Christians.  The Church did not  “replace” Israel.  At a future time, Israel (Zion) will  receive all of the blessings promised to her millennia ago by God (Isaiah 45:17, 51:2,3,16; Jeremiah 50:4,5; Ezekiel 36:1–37:28).

The woman, as embodied by a remnant of her Israeli “offspring,” will flee into the desert, to be protected by God, for 1,260 days (Revelation 12:6)—that is, for the last 3½ years of the 70th Week.  Just as God reserved and protected a remnant of Israelites who were true to Him in the day of Elijah (1 Kings 19:18), so He will protect a remnant in the future.  This endangered remnant, fleeing the land of Judea, parallels what Jesus spoke about in His Olivet Discourse:

So when you see standing in the holy place “the abomination that causes desolation,” spoken of through the prophet Daniel—let the reader understand—then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains.  Let no one on the roof of his house go down to take anything out of the house.  Let no one in the field go back to get his cloak.  How dreadful it will be in those days for pregnant women and nursing mothers!  Pray that your flight will not take place in winter or on the Sabbath.  For then there will be great distress [great tribulation], unequaled from the beginning of the world until now—and never to be equaled again (Matthew 24:15-21).

As shown in abomination that causes desolation, the fleeing of Israelites from Judea will take place at the midpoint of the 70th Week.  Jesus indicated that they will flee to the mountains; John said that they will flee into the desert.  Many Christian scholars suggest that they will flee to a place in the mountain-desert area of western Jordan (probably the rocky, “fortified city” of Petra, accessible to Jews as part of the Israeli-Jordanian peace accord of October 26, 1994).  It is a place which God will have prepared for them.

Other than the fleeing remnant, the remainder of the woman’s “offspring” are “those who obey God’s commandments and hold to the testimony of Jesus”—that is, other Jews (those obeying God’s Law in the Torah), as well as Christians (those testifying about Jesus) who have been “grafted into” Judaism (Romans 11:17-19).  They will be pursued by the “red dragon” (Revelation 12:17), as described next.

An “enormous red dragon” also is seen (Revelation 12:3).  The dragon is symbolic of the devil, or Satan (12:9a).  A war will ensue in heaven at that time.  The great archangel Michael and his angels will fight against and defeat the dragon (Satan) and his angels, hurling them permanently out of heaven and onto the earth (12:7-9).  It may be that Michael initially will throw Satan out of heaven, while over some period of time Michael’s angels will cast out Satan’s angelic forces.

Unlike what commonly is believed, Satan presently has access to heaven, just as he did in the day of Job—Job 1:6, 2:1.  Satan does not presently reside in heaven; he simply has right of entry into heaven, where he accuses people before God (Zechariah 3:1).  However, at the midpoint of the 70th Week, Satan will be booted out of heaven permanently—and he will not  like it.

Michael is the angelic “prince” who always has been the special protector of Israel (Daniel 10:21, 12:1a).  In 12:1a, it is seen that Michael will “arise”—in Hebrew amad, which actually means to “stand aside,” “stand still,” “desist,” or “be inactive.”  (See other examples of amad.)  In 12:1b is a statement that closely parallels a statement made by Jesus in His Olivet Discourse:

There will be a time of distress such as has not happened from the beginning of nations until then (Daniel 12:1b).

For then there will be great distress, unequaled from the beginning of the world until now—and never to be equaled again (Matthew 24:21).

Then Satan, knowing that his “time is short” and “filled with fury” (Revelation 12:12c), will set out to cause the greatest  distress (tribulation) the world has known up that point in its history.  A remnant of the woman will be protected from Satan for 1,260 days (12:6) = “time, times and half a time” (12:14) = 3½ years.

The archangel Michael presently protects Israel, for the most part, from enemies (both natural and supernatural) who would like to do that nation harm.  In that sense, Michael restrains Satan and his angels from being successful in utterly annihilating Israel (in particular, Jews).  Satan would like to destroy Israel and all Jews, because Israel is God’s chosen nation and the Jews are God’s chosen people.  At the midpoint of the 70th Week, Michael will be in charge of casting Satan and his angels out of heaven and onto the earth.  Then Michael will be “taken out of the way” and will “step aside” (amad)  from protecting Israel against the satanic forces of evil.

At that time, “the woman” (a remnant of Jewish Israelites) will flee to a mountain-desert area (Matthew 24:16; Revelation 12:6) for protection.  “The dragon” (Satan) will pursue and try to overtake her (the fleeing Israelites), but this remnant of Israelites will escape—enraging the dragon and causing him to go off to “make war” against those (orthodox Jews) who “obey God’s commandments” and those (Messianic Jews and Christians) who “hold to the testimony of Jesus” (12:13-17). 

It is Michael, as Israel’s protector, who is the one presently holding back Satan’s “secret power of lawlessness.”  This is the restrainer, the one to whom Paul referred when he wrote,

And now you know what is holding him back, so that he may be revealed at the proper time.  For the secret power of lawlessness is already at work; but the one who now holds it back will continue to do so till he is taken out of the way.  And then the lawless one will be revealed... (2 Thessalonians 2:6-8a).

After Satan has been unsuccessful in overtaking the remnant of Israelites who have fled (most likely to Petra to be protected by God for 1,260 days or 3½ years), he will look over the sea of humanity (Revelation 13:1a) to find someone he can influence—and very likely possess—to bring distress on the rest of those who are not protected.

Beasts in Scripture are seen to be kingdoms or nations.  They also may be considered to be powerful beastly fallen angelic beings who, throughout history, have exercised a predominant ruling influence over nations and geographical areas of the earth, such as the princes of Persia and Greece, as well as Michael, the prince of Israel (Daniel 10:13,20b,21b, 12:1a).

The first “beast” described by John, with “ten horns and seven heads” (Revelation 13:1bc), actually represents the final kingdom of this world which will arise on the earth (see John’s beast out of the sea and ten toes and horns).  This beast is the same as the fourth beast described by Daniel, which also had ten horns (Daniel 7:7—see Daniel’s fourth beast).

Daniel also saw an eleventh horn, which came up among the ten, with “eyes like the eyes of a man and a mouth that spoke boastfully” (Daniel 7:8).  This eleventh horn represents the Antichrist (see the eleventh horn: Antichrist), who very well may be possessed by Satan.  Some also have suggested, instead, that the Antichrist will be incarnated by another fallen angel, Abaddon/Apollyon (Revelation 9:11).  In any case, as spokesman and “king” of his ruthless, beast-like kingdom, the Antichrist himself will behave as a beast, beginning at the midpoint of the 70th Week.

Daniel and Paul described this man as follows:

He will speak against the Most High and oppress his saints and try to change the set times and the laws.  The saints will be handed over to him for a time, times and half a time [that is a year, years, and half a year = 3½ years] (Daniel 7:25).

He will oppose and will exalt himself over everything that is called God or is worshiped, so that he sets himself up in God’s temple, proclaiming himself to be God (2 Thessalonians 2:4).

The beast was given a mouth to utter proud words and blasphemies and to exercise his authority for forty-two months [3½ years].  He opened his mouth to blaspheme God, and to slander his name and his dwelling place and those who live in heaven.  He was given power to make war against the saints and to conquer them.  And he was given authority over every tribe, people, language and nation.  All inhabitants of the earth will worship the beast—all whose names have not been written in the book of life belonging to the Lamb that was slain from the creation of the world (Revelation 13:5-8).

This “man of lawlessness” will become the walking manifestation of the “antichrist” spirit, also described by John:

Who is the liar?  It is the man who denies that Jesus is the Christ.  Such a man is the antichrist—he denies the Father and the Son.  No one who denies the Son has the Father; whoever acknowledges the Son has the Father also (1 John 2:22,23).

...every spirit that does not acknowledge Jesus is not from God.  This is the spirit of the antichrist, which you have heard is coming and even now is already in the world (1 John 4:3).

• set himself up as “God” inside the temple, denying that Jesus is the Christ and the Son of God,
• speak against, blaspheme, and slander the one True God and other holy inhabitants of heaven,
• overcome and persecute Jews and Christians for the final 3½ years of the 70th Week, and
• be given Satan’s authority (Revelation 13:2b) over every tribe, people, language and nation.

The second “beast” described by John, with “two horns like a lamb,” will “exercise all the authority of the first beast on his behalf” and “make the inhabitants of the earth worship the first beast” (Revelation 13:11,12).  It may be that this beast, with two horns like a “lamb,” will seem to have peace-like qualities, at least outwardly.  The embodiment of this beast may be one person or two people (“horns”) speaking as one.  Just as the Holy Spirit has multiple facets (Revelation 1:4, 3:1, 4:5, 5:6), the second beast also may be multiple in nature.

The two “horns” might be leaders of two religious denominations or faiths.  Or, conceivably, they could be leaders with Catholic or Protestant (or even Jewish) affiliations or backgrounds.  But it seems likely that they will be defectors from, or not genuine representatives of, their respective faiths, as they will point to the Antichrist as the Christ and/or as God.  Potentially, they even may be the second beast’s substitutes or “versions” of the two witnesses of Jesus.

The second beast will set up an image in honor of the first beast (Revelation 13:14).  Perhaps this will parallel the image of gold set up by King Nebuchadnezzar (Daniel 3:1-7).  That image was sixty cubits high and six cubits wide.  Of course, it was three-dimensional, so it also would have been six cubits deep.  Interestingly, here is a possible link to the number of the beast: 666 (Revelation 13:18).  This image will be worshiped (13:15), just as the image set up by Nebuchadnezzar was worshiped (Daniel 3:7).  It even is conceivable that this will be the abomination that causes desolation, which will be set up in the temple.

The personification of this second beast is referred to as the “False Prophet.”  Just as the true Trinity is composed of

• the Father,
• the Son (Jesus Christ/Messiah), and
• the Holy Spirit, who always exalts the true Christ,

• Satan,
• the Antichrist (false christ/messiah), and
• the False Prophet, who will point people to the false christ.

As Paul described,

The coming of the lawless one will be in accordance with the work of Satan displayed in all kinds of counterfeit miracles, signs and wonders, and in every sort of evil that deceives those who are perishing.  They perish because they refused to love the truth and so be saved.  For this reason God sends them a powerful delusion so that they will believe the lie and so that all will be condemned who have not believed the truth but have delighted in wickedness (2 Thessalonians 2:9-12).

Some have pointed out a connection between 666 and Islam, indicating that 666 may be an encryption for “In the Name of Allah.”  Plausibly, then, an Islamic authority in the world could dictate that no one can buy or sell anything unless he/she has taken the mark (Revelation 13:17), indicating an allegiance to Allah and Islam.

John saw that, not long before the end of the 70th Week, 144,000 Jews will be redeemed from the earth and caught up to heaven (Revelation 14:1-3).  These are the same 144,000 sealed for protection (7:3-8), immediately following the Pre-Wrath Rapture event, after the opening of the Sixth Seal but prior to the opening of the Seventh Seal.

This group, from twelve tribes of Israel, will be taken up to heaven and will be the firstfruits, I believe, of subsequent Messianic Jews who will believe.  Perhaps they will spread the word to descendants of Jacob, around the world, that it is their Messiah, Jesus, Who has appeared in the clouds of earth’s atmosphere, causing many to accept Jesus as Lord.  Then, the latter will be among those to be caught up at the very end of the 70th Week, in the final harvest of the earth (Revelation 14:14-16).

Near the very end of the 70th Week, there will be warnings and prophetic forecasts announced loudly by three angels.  Flying through midair, they will speak to everyone who lives on the earth—to every nation, tribe, language, and people:

1. The first angel will proclaim the eternal Gospel message (Revelation 14:6) about Jesus Christ, the kingdom of God, and salvation.  The warning will be for all to fear God, to give Him glory, and to worship Him as Creator—because the final “hour” of His judgment will be forthcoming and imminent (14:7).  I believe that all who acknowledge God in these ways, at this point, will be caught up to be with Him (14:14-16) before the final plagues are poured out upon the earth (15:1,6-8, 16:1-21).  Up to the very end of the 70th Week, God will exhort people everywhere to repent, accept Him as Lord, and thus be saved—before it finally is too late.
2. The second angel will alert the world of the impending destruction of Babylon the Great (Revelation 14:8), which is “the mother of prostitutes and of the abominations of the earth” (17:5).  Babylon the Great  may be representative of the false religious system (arguably, Islam) and dominating worldwide political order permeating the earth during the final half of the 70th Week (promoted by the second beast or False Prophet, on behalf of the first beast or Antichrist—13:11,12,15).  Babylon the Great also could be the literal city Babylon, (16:19, 17:18, 18:10,16,19,21) in Iraq, where the Antichrist may set up his center of operations.  It also could both of these.
3. The third angel will warn everyone that whoever worships the first beast (who will be the incarnation of the antichrist spirit) and his image (Revelation 13:14b,15), and who receives the beast’s mark on the forehead or hand (13:16-18), “will drink of the wine of God’s fury, which has been poured full strength into the cup of his wrath” and will be tormented “for ever and ever” (14:9-11).

I believe that the Pre-Wrath Rapture, occurring subsequent to the opening of the Sixth Seal (Revelation 6:12-17), will be the primary (initial) Rapture event during the 70th Week.  Moreover, I also believe that there will be subsequent rapture (“catching-up”) events, until the very end of the 70th Week, when Jesus will return physically to earth.

The 144,000 from the tribes of Israel will be sealed for protection (Revelation 7:1-8) soon after the initial Rapture has taken place (see 144,000 sealed).  John saw the 144,000 caught up, near the end of the 70th Week.  Presumably, they were seen immediately after their rapture into heaven (14:1-5).

As noted before, in John’s restatement  of the last 3½ years of the 70th Week, the two witnesses clothed in sackcloth, who will prophesy for 1,260 days during the second half of the 70th Week (Revelation 11:3), later will be killed (11:7).  After 3½ days, they will be caught up (raptured) into heaven while their enemies look on (11:11,12).

At possibly the very same time as the two witnesses are being caught up, there will be a larger group who will be caught up (“harvested”) at the end of the 70th Week (Revelation 14:14-16), just prior to Jesus’ physical return to earth to destroy the enemies of Israel and Jerusalem.  (I agree with those of the “Post-Trib” persuasion who point to this as a catching-up occurrence; however, I maintain that the Pre-Wrath Rapture, rather than the harvest of believers at the end of the 70th Week, will be the first and primary Rapture event.)

Previously, John had described the return of Jesus to earth to reign (Revelation 11:15), just after (or possibly concurrent with) the catching up of the two witnesses to heaven (11:11,12).  As John again restated  the second half of the 70th Week, from a different perspective, in Chapters 12-14 (as he did in Chapter 11), we might expect to see another description of the appearance of Jesus at the end—which we do.

The Son of Man (Daniel 7:13a), Jesus, is seen seated on a white cloud, and He will gather a final harvest of saved believers from the earth (Revelation 14:14-16).  Although, at first glance, this seems similar to Jesus’ description of the appearance of the Son of Man on the clouds (Matthew 24:30,31), the two are separate events occurring at different times, probably about a year apart.  Jesus’ account, in Matthew, occurs after the opening of the Sixth Seal, which is not  at the end of the 70th Week (see Sixth Seal and Seventh Bowl); whereas, John’s account, in Revelation, occurs just prior to the sounding of the Seventh Trumpet, which is at the very end of the 70th Week.

Jesus’ depiction, in Matthew, is of the Pre-Wrath Rapture event—the first  phase of His Second Coming—where His angels will gather a great multitude of saved believers (both dead and alive) to be with Him, at some point after the opening of the Sixth Seal.  On the other hand, John’s description, in Revelation, is of Jesus’ Second Advent to earth—the second  phase of His Second Coming—where Jesus Himself  will harvest a second, final multitude of believers from the earth, at the end of 70th Week.  The latter will happen just before the Seventh Trumpet is heard and can be considered to be a secondary Rapture event, since a larger one already will have occurred.