Summary of Commentaries

Traditional Christian tenets and doctrines are foundational within the Catholic and Protestant Churches.  I have come to be convinced, though, that many things widely accepted as fact by the modern Church, indeed, are not true at all.

As such, I have written several commentaries in which I have pointed out some traditional views that I believe are erroneous.  I also have taken the time, using scores of scriptural references, to propose and explain optional views.  Links to these commentaries are here:

The Chronology of Revelation	The End-Times	The Rapture
The Final Battles	The Beasts	The Creation
Who Is God?	Was Jesus God?	Good Thursday
European Neighbourhood Policy and Daniel 9:27

In each section below, I will include the information taken from the Overview section of each of the nine commentaries, for easy reference.

The Chronology of Revelation

One of the principal keys to understanding the Book of Revelation is the chronology which takes place in its amazing chapters.  Many outright misinterpretations of end-time events have resulted from not recognizing the proper sequencing of several passages in this remarkable and momentous prophetic book.

In some analyses of Revelation, “cutting” certain passages and inappropriately “pasting” them at other locations is a common practice.  Often, this is done in an attempt to “prop up” inconsistent viewpoints.  Therefore, I would like to present my interpretations of this great prophetic book by pointing out what I feel is a logical and rational chronology or time-sequencing of Revelation.

I am confident that every detail in the Book of Revelation will  come to pass, just as the disciple/apostle John foresaw.  I do not  believe that these events already have come to pass, in past centuries, as some suppose.  However, I do believe it is possible, even likely, that many events in the Bible (including some in Revelation) have dual or even multiple occurrences of fulfillment, both in the past and yet in the future.

Although many of the depictions in the Book of Revelation are symbolic, most of the book describes literal  future events—as extraordinary and incredible as they might seem.  Discerning the difference between the symbolic and the literal is important and, at times, challenging.

Those who never have read through the Book of Revelation might want to do so, either before or after reading this rather lengthy commentary.  Revelation is the only book of the Bible to which a blessing is promised to those who read it and take to heart what is written in it (Revelation 1:3).

The reader also might wish to examine the Brief Chronology of Revelation to have in mind a general perception of the sequencing of this complex book, which I will explain in greater detail in Parts 1, 2, and 3 of this commentary.  Also, see the bottom of The Chronology of Revelation—Part 3 page to view a graphic table showing some of the passages in Revelation (as well as a few passages from Matthew and Daniel) and when I believe they will occur, during the “70th Week.”  The following table, also, might be helpful.

Brief Chronology of Revelation

The End-Times

As the world’s attention becomes directed more and more toward ongoing hostilities in the Middle East, many will wonder what implications these events may have for the world’s future.  No one, of course, can know precisely what the future holds.  However, the Bible, more than any other book ever written, gives consistent guidelines leading to an overall understanding of what is yet to occur and how it will unfold.

There are some reading this commentary who

• do not believe that the Bible is a book of truth, or
• basically believe in the Bible’s truthfulness but do not believe that predictions about the future are literal, or
• do not want to hear unpleasant news about things that can and probably will affect them adversely, at some point in the future.

I am convinced that, as never before, recent and current happenings indicate that end-time events, as prophesied in the Bible, are imminent.  I believe that the final seven years of this age, commonly referred to as the 70th Week, constitute the period of time during which these events will occur.  In fact, it is worthy to note that, with the funding and establishment of the European Neighbourhood Policy in October, 2006, and its official commencement on January 1, 2007, it is quite possible that the 70th Week already has begun.  (See Could the European Neighbourhood Policy be the prophesied 70th Week agreement? and Is the European Neighbourhood Policy a confirmation of a previous covenant?)

The Rapture

The subject of the Rapture is a controversial topic in Christian circles.  There are five main Rapture views: Pre-Tribulation, Mid-Tribulation, Post-Tribulation, Pre-Wrath, and Multiple Raptures.  The Rapture involves the concepts of “changed bodies,” as well as being “caught up” to be with Jesus in the air, from that point forward.  Before you continue, you may want to read Corrie ten Boom on the Tribulation and the Rapture and Ruth B. Graham on the Pre-Tribulation Rapture.

Although there are numerous biblical passages describing or referring to the Rapture event, probably the two most descriptive passages are 1 Corinthians 15:50-55 and 1 Thessalonians 4:14-17.  Those caught up in the Rapture event will be “lifted up in love” to be with Jesus in the clouds.  The question is, when does this astonishing event occur?

A widely-accepted theory is that of the Pre-Tribulation or “Pre-Trib” Rapture.  This is based on the belief that the Rapture event (that is, the catching up of all those who maintain a belief in Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior) will take place just prior to the final seven years of this age (also referred to as the 70th Week, and often called the “tribulation” period).  See “Pre-Trib”: My Prior View.

To help determine the point during the 70th Week at which the initial, primary Rapture event will occur, it first is helpful to determine the points at which other events are known or presumed to occur.  Then, this collection of scripturally-sound information becomes a solid foundation on which to build the Pre-Wrath theory—which, I feel, demonstrates the proper timing of the main Rapture.  My detailed chart, The 70th Week and Extensions, at the bottom of Part 2, shows my placement of the Pre-Wrath Rapture during the 70th Week.

The Final Battles

At the end of the 70th Week (the final seven years of this age), Jesus the Messiah (Christ) will return to earth to rule and reign.  It commonly is believed that, at that time, He will attack and destroy the armed forces of the Antichrist at the Battle of Armageddon.  Although this encounter will  occur, it can be demonstrated, by carefully examining Scripture, that it will not happen as soon as Jesus returns but, rather, soon thereafter (that is, a month later).

Concerning the day on which the armies of Gog/Magog are eliminated, the prophet Ezekiel wrote this:

From that day forward the house of Israel will know that I am the LORD their God (Ezekiel 39:22).

The armies Jesus will “trample,” like grapes in a winepress, on the very day of His future descent to earth from heaven, are the forces of Gog and Magog, along with those from the nations who have joined them—all of whom will be attacking Jerusalem and Israel.  It will not be until 30 days after this carnage, as the Antichrist and his armies gather to attack specifically Jesus in Jerusalem, that He will destroy them at the famed Battle of Armageddon.

The Beasts

In the Old Testament prophetic Book of Daniel, King Nebuchadnezzar was described to have seen a large statue in a dream.  Only the Jewish prophet Daniel was able to interpret the dream.  Later, Daniel himself had a dream about four beasts; his dream paralleled Nebuchadnezzar’s dream.  The parts of the statue, as well as the beasts, were found to represent kingdoms or nations upon the earth—the first of which existed at the time, and the remainder of which, eventually, would arise.

In the New Testament prophetic Book of Revelation, John described two other beasts which would arise (see also the lengthy commentary, The Chronology of Revelation).  I believe these latter two beasts will be prominent relatively soon in the future of this world, near the “end of the age.”  Furthermore, I suspect that their identities will be surprising to most.  The beasts represent kingdoms or nations which have had, or will have, domination over the nation of Israel.

The beasts also will be representative of supernatural spiritual entities (also known as “princes”) and human leaders (also known as “kings”) who rule over nations or conglomerates of nations around the world.  The prophesied righteous “seed” has passed through Abraham and the nation of Israel/Judah to the ultimate Messiah, Jesus Christ (Galatians 3:16).  Similarly, an evil “seed” has passed through “beastly” nations and human lineages throughout the ages of human existence.  This “seed,” which has been passed along as the antichrist spirit (1 John 4:3), will proceed into the Antichrist, the human host who eventually will rule virtually all of the known world and will wreak the worst havoc the earth has ever known—until the righteous “seed” (Christ) finally returns again to destroy it, once and for all (Genesis 3:15).

The Creation

Both the belief that life on earth was started by God (Creation), and the belief that life began on its own and evolved into higher life forms over a long period of time (Evolution), are hotly-contested issues.  Even within the sphere of creationism itself, there are two major debates: whether God created the universe, earth, plants, animals, and people in six, literal 24-hour days (“young-earth” view), or whether He created all of it in six long epochs or “age-days” of time (“old-earth” view).  The controversy concerning the timing of the Creation revolves primarily around the meaning of the word “day” (which, in Hebrew is yôm) in Genesis 1.

Another view is the “gap” theory, which suggests that God created everything in Genesis 1:1.  Then Satan and fallen angels then ruined everything that God had created.  There ensued a “gap” of time of indeterminate length—perhaps several million years—until God decided to restore, repair, and reinstate everything, beginning in Genesis 1:2, which He did during a short creative week.  I steadfastly reject this view, which is described in more detail in Closing the Gap: A Scientist’s Response to the Gap Theory.

I believe that God, the Creator, created the entire seen and unseen universe and everything in it (including the heavens and the earth, as well as all life).  As such, my commentary deals mainly with my views of and ideas about the Creation.  Other related issues, as well as outside sources regarding Creation and Evolution, are included in the final two sections, other issues and other sources, of Part 2.

For centuries, and up to the present time, many have believed that the early chapters of Genesis are unscientific, and/or that observations in science do not support the creation events described in Genesis.  I am convinced that these beliefs are unfounded.

God created the heavens (entire universe and heaven itself) and the earth, and then everything on the earth (Genesis 1:1-31).  If God created everything in existence, then there should be evidence and indications—“fingerprints,” as it were, identifying His unique creative signature—that He was behind it all.  In fact there are:

The heavens declare the glory of God; the skies proclaim the work of his hands.  Day after day they pour forth speech; night after night they display knowledge.  There is no speech or language where their voice is not heard.  Their voice goes out into all the earth, their words to the ends of the world (Psalm 19:1-4).

For since the creation of the world God’s invisible qualities—his eternal power and divine nature—have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that men are without excuse (Romans 1:20).

1. to know that He is the Creator, and
2. to be able to gain valid information about Him.

But God also created the means for mankind to utilize systematic research and methods by which he could organize his observations of nature into general laws.  This is science, which is not in opposition to God; on the contrary, God created science as a vitally important implement, which people could employ to confirm both the existence and the creativity of God.

Who Is God?

Can we really know God?  This has been one of the most frequently-asked questions, at least by those who believe in God, since the inception of humankind.  I am certain that the answer to this question is, emphatically, YES!  It is possible for those who have faith in the existence of God to be able to experience the greatest relationship in the universe, on an ongoing basis.

Not only did God create the entire universe and everything in it (see The Creation), but He did it, I believe, primarily for one purpose: to communicate and commune, on a personal, intimate level, with those people who would choose to communicate and commune with Him.  Eventually, He will take them to be with Him in the incomprehensibly wonderful realm of the brand new, perfect universe, which He will create after this present one has passed away (Revelation 21:1a; Psalm 102:25-28—see old and new Creations).

Thus, if God indeed has created  all that we see and know, and ultimately will create again all that there ever will be, it is important for us, as humans—the greatest examples of His handiwork—to know that He exists and, beyond that, to know as much about Him as possible.  For instance, is the main “god” of every religion the same God?  I believe not, although I realize that much of the world would disagree.

The God who has created (and once again will create) everything that there is (or ever will be) is One God with multiple, and I suspect infinite, “facets.”  At least three of these facets have been made known to mankind.  I believe that there are innumerable “sides” or “aspects” of God of which we know nothing about.  Our finite minds simply cannot grasp or comprehend His infinite nature.

Within the Triune composition of God, about which we know, each of the “components” is intimately associated and connected with the other two—a “closed system” of intimacy, as it were.  This Trinity always has been, and always will be, in existence; and there always has been and always will be absolute, unvarying unity, harmony, communication, and agreement among all three Members.

Was Jesus God?

Many people believe that Jesus never actually claimed  to be God.  Personally, I feel that most people who believe this, themselves, simply do not want to believe that Jesus was/is God; and they use the invalid statement, “Jesus never claimed to be God,” as alleged “support” for their lack of belief (and lack of careful study of the Gospel accounts).

Firstly, as the Messiah or Servant appointed by the Father (to accomplish His Plan of salvation for mankind—Isaiah 59:16), it was not Jesus’ primary purpose to extol Himself as God—even though, in certain cases, He did.  It was up to the Father to exalt Jesus to His right hand after His mission on earth was accomplished; and it is up to the Father, at a certain time in the future, to cause everyone to know that Jesus is Lord and to bow before Him (Acts 2:33; Philippians 2:9-11).

Secondly, the enemies of Jesus recognized, through His many statements, that He claimed to be God.  Certain people are our enemies because they vehemently disagree with what we represent or espouse.  And that is why Jesus’ enemies hated Him, not even realizing—or, rather, refusing to take the time to comprehend—that He had something to offer them which would have infinitely and eternally positive payoffs.

Good Thursday

Jesus was crucified and died on the same day the Passover lamb was sacrificed at the temple in Jerusalem.  Traditionally, this has been thought to have occurred on a Friday.  However, I would like to demonstrate that Jesus’ crucifixion and death occurred, instead, on the day before: Thursday.  My Holy Week chart, near the bottom of this page, displays my depiction of the week during which

1. Jesus entered Jerusalem riding on a donkey (on Palm Sunday, Aviv 10),
2. He was crucified four days later (on Thursday, Aviv 14), and
3. He was resurrected from the dead on the third day after that (on Sunday, Aviv 17).

Some believe that Jesus was crucified on a Wednesday.  The crucifixion not on Wednesday section demonstrates why I am convinced this was not the case.

The European Neighbourhood Policy and Daniel 9:27

The European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) is an accord, initiated by the European Union (EU), involving many nations.  It has been funded and implemented for a seven-year period (2007-2013).  Indications and assurances of the pursuit of peace, between Israel and the Palestinian Authority, and in the Middle East as a whole, are included in the agreement.  Here are two examples:

For Israel and the Palestinian authority, the Neighbourhood Policy is a concrete sign of the EU’s engagement. ... Israel has never been willing to make such commitments in writing to any other partner (Brussels, 9 December 2004).

The EU-Israel ENP Action Plan opened up new possibilities for developing EU-Israel relations by setting out a wide range of areas for greater cooperation including: promoting peace in the Middle East... (The European Neighbourhood Policy Fiches on Partners, December 2006).

Officially, the ENP went into effect on 1 January 2007.  Technically, though, the European Neighbourhood Policy was finalized in October 2006.

On 17 October 2006, more than €11 billion was allocated to fund the ENP.  This was achieved via the European Neighborhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI), specifically for a span of seven years: 2007–2013.  A week later, on 24 October 2006, “general provisions establishing a European Neighborhood and Partnership Interest” were laid down for the same (seven-year) period: 2007 through 2013.

An “Action Plan on the Protection and Welfare of Animals” also was adopted in 2006.  Certain reviews and evaluations, including those pertaining to “planned specific actions to improve the protection and welfare of animals,” are to take place in the middle of that seven-year period (2010):

In a table annexed to the Action Plan, the Commission outlines planned specific actions to improve the protection and welfare of animals, some of which are already underway. These include: ... the possible establishment of a European Quality Standard for products emanating from high animal welfare standards (2010) (Brussels, 23 January 2006).

The website of the European Neighbourhood Policy is here:

Frequently asked questions about the European Neighbourhood Policy can be found here:

Other Links

My Beliefs and Faith
Email Questions and Ted’s Responses	The Holy Bible (NIV)	Pride Island (a novel by Ted)
Creation ... Counterfeits ... and the 70th Week		Bible Study
European Neighbourhood Policy
Ted’s Homepage	Anatomy, Physiology & Pathology of the Human Eye

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